22. 句子:

Monitor the movement of good on behalf of the consignee when the

consignee controls freight, that is, the cargo.句中:

關于"貨物"的詞有這么一些,請辨析清楚:

(1) cargo = goods (尤其是指船、飛機、車輛所載的)貨物,運輸行業的用語.

例如: sepcial cargoes (特殊貨物)

project cargoes (工程貨物)

container cargo (集裝箱貨物)

general cargo (雜貨、普通貨物)

(2) goods 這個詞與 passengers 相對應

例如: the shipment of goods (貨物運輸)

passenger transport (客運)

(3) commodity (生活必需品,在經濟領域中解釋的商品)

例如: household commodity (家庭用品)

commodity inspection (商品檢驗)

name of commodity = commodity name (品名)

(4) merchandise (銷售、貿易領域中所指的商品、貨物)

(5) article (它不象前面四個詞那樣的解釋,即不是指商品或貨物的總稱,

它的解釋常常是"物品、物件、制品"等單件商品)

例如: a bamboo article (竹器)

three articles of luggage (三件行李)

handmade articles (手工制品)

23. 句子:

Arrange customs clearance and pay duties, fees and other charges to the

customs and other public authorities.句中:

23.1 duty (稅,稅收)

customs duty (海關稅)

excise duties (消費稅)

stamp duties (印花稅)

duty-free goods (免稅商品)

23.2 authority 和 association

(1) authority 作為名詞,而且以復數的形式出現時:

例如: the health authorities 解釋"當局、權威機構"

實際上,以譯成"機構、機關、管理局、委員會"等比較合理

(2) association 解釋"社團、協會、學會、聯盟"等

例如: China International Freight Forwarders Association(CIFA)

International Federation of Feight Forwarders Association

(FIATA)

24. 句子: Deliver the cleared goods to the consignee.

我們在教材 p13 的第 12 行中發現有這樣一個注釋:

clear the goods for export (辦理貨物出口的清關手續)

那么本句中的 cleared goods 意思就很清楚了: "已清關的貨物"

25. 段落小結：

從課文的第三自然段開始到最后是課文的第二層次,也是文章的中心所在.

通過 The forwarders, on behalf of the consignor (exporter), would:

和 The forwarders, on behalf of the consignee (importer), would: 兩句

句子,作者把 freight forwarder 的服務范圍理得清清楚楚,道得明明白白.

他采用羅列的形式逐條說明, 讓讀者感覺思路清晰,緊扣主題.In order to provide a set of uniform rules for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade terms in foreign trade, ICC first published in 1936 a set of international rules for the interpretation of trade terms known as “Incoterms 1936“. Later amendments and additions were made to it to bring the rules in line with current international trade practices. The latest edition is “Incoterms 2000“, which include 13 different international trade terms.

Each term specifies whether the buyer or the seller is responsible for arranging such necessities as export license, customs clearance, inspections, and other obligations. They specify at which point the risk of loss and / or damage passes from seller to buyer as well as which party pays for specific activities. A buyer and a seller who conduct their purchase and sale under one of the Incoterms, therefore, will have a mutual understanding of their rights, costs, and obligations.

Here six major trade terms are discussed. The traditional three trade terms are FOB, CFR and CIF, while FCA, CPT and CIP are new terms developed on the basis of the traditional ones.

They are suitable for any mode of transport and will be more widely used.

課文理解：

1. 要理解這篇文章，首先要了解對外貿易背景。這些常識位于書上的：

1.1 p13 第 2 – 4 行 ICC(國際商會)

1.2 p12 最后一段 Incoterms(國際貿易術語解釋通則)

貿易術語(trade terms),又稱價格術語或貿易條件。它是用一個簡短的概念或英文縮寫字母來表明商品的價格構成，說明貨物在交接過程中有關風險、責任和費用劃分等問題的專門術語,以確定買賣雙方的基本權利和義務。

INCOTERMS 2000是指《2000年國際貿易術語解釋通則》的英文縮寫.它是國際商會(ICC)為了統一對各種貿易術語的解釋而制定的,最早產生于1936年.分別于1953年、1967年、1976年、1980年、1990年和2000年共修訂過6次.現行的《2000年通則》對13種貿易術語進行了解釋,按不同術語的共同特點和賣方責任由小到大排列，分為E組(啟運術語)、F組 (主要運費未付術語)、C組(主要運費已付術語)、D組(到達術語)四個組.

它是國際上包括內容最多、使用范圍最廣和影響最大的一種與貿易術語有關的國際貿易慣例.

1.3 p13 第 5 – 10 行 六種主要貿易術語的中英文對照

1.4 p16-17 補充注釋 1–8 貿易術語的變形和其他貿易術語的中英文對照

1.5 p14-15 課文注釋 6 六種主要貿易術語的詳注